Dark circles under the eyes are one of the most common cosmetic frustrations people bring to their dermatologist, and for good reason - they can make you look exhausted even when you feel great. Microneedling for dark circles has gained significant attention as a potential solution, but the reality of what this treatment can achieve is more nuanced than most marketing materials suggest. Whether you are actively researching before booking your first session or you have already had treatment and want to optimize your post-treatment care, this guide is designed to walk you through the clinical evidence, set realistic expectations, and help you understand how proper microneedling aftercare plays a critical role in your results.
Here is the honest truth: "under-eye darkness" is not one single problem. It can stem from pigmentation, skin thinning, vascular changes, structural shadowing, or often a combination of all of these. That means no single treatment - microneedling included - works as a universal fix for every person. What the research does show, however, is that specific microneedling protocols have demonstrated measurable improvement in clinical studies, and understanding those protocols is the key to making an informed decision.
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Quick Definitions: What "Dark Circles" Actually Means in Clinical Studies
When clinical researchers study microneedling for the under-eye area, they use precise terms like "infraorbital dark circles" and "periorbital dark circles." These are the same concerns you might describe as "bags," "shadows," or simply "dark under-eyes" - but in a clinical context, the language matters because it defines exactly what was studied and what was not.
All four dark-circle treatment trials referenced in this article explicitly target infraorbital or periorbital dark circles (Yu et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023; Pazyar et al., 2025). When we say "dark circles" throughout this guide, we are referring to this same clinical target. This distinction matters because these studies do not prove microneedling fixes every possible cause of under-eye darkness. They demonstrate outcomes within specific populations, using specific treatment protocols, over defined time periods.
Why Under-Eyes Look Dark: The Cause Buckets That Matter for Treatment Choice
Dark circles have multiple potential contributors, and different microneedling approaches target different aspects of the problem. The clinical studies available to us do not attempt to diagnose the exact mechanism of darkness in each patient. Instead, they approach under-eye darkness as a visible concern that can be improved through specific interventions.
Based on the evidence, these interventions fall into three general categories. The first involves improving the appearance of under-eye darkness using microneedle-assisted delivery of topical brightening agents, as studied by Yu et al. (2021) with phenylethyl resorcinol. The second uses energy-based microneedle fractional radiofrequency devices applied directly to the under-eye area, as investigated by Wu et al. (2022) and Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023). The third combines standard microneedling with agents commonly used for hyperpigmentation support - specifically tranexamic acid or vitamin C - as compared in the Pazyar et al. (2025) trial.
Why does this matter for you? If your primary concern is visible pigmentation, the combination-agent trials (Yu et al., 2021; Pazyar et al., 2025) may be most relevant to your situation. If your concern extends to overall skin texture and quality in the under-eye area, the radiofrequency microneedling trials (Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023) may offer more applicable insights. A qualified provider can help determine which approach best matches your specific type of dark circles.
What Is Microneedling Under the Eyes Exactly?
Microneedling, at its core, involves creating tiny controlled punctures in the skin to stimulate natural healing responses. But when it comes to the under-eye area, the term "microneedling" actually encompasses several distinct technologies, each with different mechanisms and evidence behind them. Understanding these differences is essential for setting appropriate expectations.
In the clinical literature available, microneedling for dark circles appears in three practical forms. First, nano-microneedle-assisted delivery uses a specialized device to enhance penetration of a brightening agent (phenylethyl resorcinol) into the skin of the infraorbital area. Yu et al. (2021) studied this approach in a randomized controlled trial and reported on both its clinical efficacy and safety profile. Second, microneedle fractional radiofrequency (RF) systems combine the mechanical action of microneedles with radiofrequency energy delivered beneath the skin surface. Both Wu et al. (2022) and Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023) studied this technology specifically for infraorbital and periorbital dark circles, respectively. Third, microneedling combined with topical agents - specifically tranexamic acid versus vitamin C - was evaluated by Pazyar et al. (2025) as a comparative treatment for infraorbital hyperpigmentation.
How Under-Eye Microneedling Differs From Other Facial Areas
If you have seen microneedling performed on cheeks, foreheads, or other facial areas and wondered whether the under-eye experience is different, the answer is yes. The periorbital region has notably thinner skin, closer underlying vasculature, and heightened sensitivity compared to most other facial zones. This means treatment parameters - including needle depth, energy settings for RF devices, and the agents applied - must be carefully adjusted for this delicate area.
The RF microneedling studies by Wu et al. (2022) and Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023) used protocols specifically designed for the periorbital region, with parameters appropriate for thinner skin. Bulegon et al. (2025), who assessed pain and satisfaction across various orofacial harmonization procedures, found that pain perception and satisfaction levels can vary significantly by treatment zone and procedure type. This finding reinforces the importance of discussing pain management expectations with your provider specifically for under-eye treatment, rather than assuming it will feel the same as microneedling elsewhere on the face.
Is Microneedling Effective For Dark Circles?
The short answer is that clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of specific microneedling-based protocols for improving the appearance of infraorbital and periorbital dark circles. However, the word "effective" means different things in different studies, and understanding that nuance is what separates realistic expectations from disappointment.
Yu et al. (2021) conducted a randomized controlled trial evaluating nano-microneedle-assisted phenylethyl resorcinol for infraorbital dark circles and reported clinical efficacy within their defined treatment protocol. Wu et al. (2022) prospectively evaluated a microneedle fractional radiofrequency system and found it to be an effective approach for treating infraorbital dark circles. Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023) similarly studied microneedle fractional radiofrequency for periorbital dark circles and reported positive clinical outcomes. And Pazyar et al. (2025) compared microneedling combined with tranexamic acid against microneedling combined with vitamin C for infraorbital hyperpigmentation, finding efficacy in both approaches.
What "effective" means in each of these studies varies. Depending on the trial, effectiveness was measured through improvement in clinical grading scores, standardized photographic assessment, or changes in measured pigmentation. The key takeaway is that effectiveness was demonstrated within specific, controlled clinical protocols - not with any microneedling device applied in any way.
Evidence Summary Table
| Study | Design | Modality | Target Area | Key Finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yu et al., 2021 | Randomized Controlled Trial | Nano-microneedle + phenylethyl resorcinol | Infraorbital dark circles | Reported clinical efficacy and safety |
| Wu et al., 2022 | Prospective Trial | Microneedle fractional RF | Infraorbital dark circles | Demonstrated improvement in dark circle appearance |
| Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023 | Clinical Study | Microneedle fractional RF | Periorbital dark circles | Positive clinical outcomes reported |
| Pazyar et al., 2025 | Comparative Trial | Microneedling + TXA vs. Microneedling + Vitamin C | Infraorbital hyperpigmentation | Both approaches showed efficacy for hyperpigmentation |
Can Microneedling Help Dark Circles?
"Can it help?" is subtly different from "is it effective?" - and it is the question most people are actually asking. They do not want guarantees. They want to know if there is a reasonable chance of meaningful improvement. Based on the available evidence, the answer is yes, but with an important caveat: the type of help you get depends on the specific protocol used.
If your goal is addressing visible darkness with a brightening agent delivered through the skin barrier, the Yu et al. (2021) RCT on nano-microneedle-assisted phenylethyl resorcinol is the most directly relevant evidence. If you are considering a device-based approach that combines microneedling with radiofrequency energy, the trials by Wu et al. (2022) and Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023) provide supporting evidence for that pathway. And if you are specifically interested in comparing topical agents used alongside microneedling for infraorbital hyperpigmentation, the Pazyar et al. (2025) comparative trial offers the most targeted data.
What the evidence does not support is the idea that simply running any microneedling device under your eyes will produce clinical improvement. These were controlled interventions performed by trained clinicians using specific parameters and products. The "help" comes from the complete protocol, not from microneedling in isolation.
Can Microneedling At Least Reduce Dark Circles?
The studies referenced in this guide report improvement - meaning measurable, clinically assessed reduction in the appearance of dark circles. The degree of improvement varies by protocol, by individual patient, and by the assessment method used.
"Reduction" in these studies looked like visible improvement on standardized clinical photographs, improved scores on clinician grading scales, and in some cases, measurable changes in pigmentation parameters.
What "success" realistically looks like after microneedling for dark circles is this: noticeable improvement that others may comment on, measurable changes that a clinician can document, and for many patients, a meaningful boost in how they feel about their under-eye area. It is not about perfection. It is about progress. As Bulegon et al. (2025) found in their assessment of orofacial procedures broadly, patient satisfaction with aesthetic treatments is an important and measurable outcome, and satisfaction levels vary across different procedures and individuals.
Can Microneedling Completely Remove Dark Circles?
None of the clinical studies referenced in this guide should be interpreted as proving that microneedling completely removes dark circles for everyone. The evidence supports improvement - sometimes significant improvement - but framing any treatment as a guaranteed "cure" for dark circles would be misleading.
Dark circles are influenced by genetics, skin structure, lifestyle factors, aging, and other variables that no single treatment can fully override. The language used in the clinical literature reflects this reality: studies describe outcomes as "improvement," "reduction," and "clinical efficacy," not "complete resolution" or "permanent elimination" (Yu et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023; Pazyar et al., 2025).
Here is a sentence worth remembering: The clinical goal supported by research is measurable improvement - not erasure. If a provider promises you complete and permanent removal of dark circles through microneedling alone, that should raise a red flag. Realistic expectations lead to satisfied patients. Unrealistic promises lead to disappointment.
Can Microneedling Make Dark Circles Worse?
The safety profiles reported in the clinical trials provide our best guidance here. Each of the dark-circle-specific studies (Yu et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023; Pazyar et al., 2025) included assessment of adverse events and tolerability as part of their published findings.
Yu et al. (2021) reported on the safety of their nano-microneedle approach alongside its efficacy, characterizing the treatment as demonstrating an acceptable safety profile. The RF microneedling studies by Wu et al. (2022) and Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023) similarly documented adverse events observed during their trials. The Pazyar et al. (2025) comparative trial assessed tolerability for both the tranexamic acid and vitamin C combination groups.
"Worse Before Better" - What Is Normal vs. What Is Not
Patients frequently search "microneedling made my dark circles worse," and this anxiety is understandable. After any microneedling procedure, some degree of transient redness, swelling, or temporary changes in appearance in the treated area is expected. This is part of the controlled inflammatory response that the treatment relies on. In the under-eye area, where skin is thin and blood vessels sit close to the surface, these temporary effects can look particularly dramatic.
The important distinction is between expected short-term effects that resolve within the timeframe your clinician described and unexpected changes that persist, worsen, or include symptoms your provider did not warn you about. If post-treatment darkening persists beyond the recovery window described in your treatment plan, or if you notice signs of infection, severe discomfort, or unusual skin changes, contacting your provider promptly is essential.
Pain Expectations
Pain is a real concern for the periorbital area. Bulegon et al. (2025) assessed pain and satisfaction across various orofacial harmonization procedures and found that pain perception varies significantly by procedure type. While their study covered a range of orofacial treatments rather than under-eye microneedling specifically, the finding that different procedures in different facial zones produce different pain experiences is relevant. Discuss pain management options - including topical anesthetics - with your provider before treatment, and set your expectations based on the specific technology being used.
Microneedling Under Eyes and Skin of Colour
Patients with darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick skin types IV through VI) face a specific concern with any procedure that creates controlled skin injury: the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). This is especially relevant for under-eye microneedling, where the goal is to reduce darkness - not inadvertently create more of it.
Among the studies reviewed, the Pazyar et al. (2025) comparative trial is the most directly relevant for patients concerned about hyperpigmentation, as it specifically studied treatments for infraorbital hyperpigmentation using tranexamic acid and vitamin C in combination with microneedling. Tranexamic acid in particular is widely used in dermatology for hyperpigmentation management in darker skin tones.
It is important to note a limitation: the available evidence from these specific trials does not comprehensively break out results by Fitzpatrick skin phototype across all studies. If the individual trials enrolled patients across a range of skin types, the published data may or may not separate outcomes by skin type. This is a known limitation in the broader dermatology literature, and patients with darker skin should discuss this gap directly with their provider. Do not assume that results demonstrated in a study population that may have been predominantly lighter-skinned will translate identically to your experience. A provider experienced in treating skin of color can adjust protocols accordingly.
How Many Microneedling Sessions Are Needed For Dark Circles?
The answer depends entirely on which protocol is being used, and the clinical studies offer specific guidance within their respective designs.
Each study in our evidence base used a defined number of sessions at specific intervals. The exact session counts and treatment intervals are detailed in the methods sections of Yu et al. (2021), Wu et al. (2022), Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023), and Pazyar et al. (2025). What is important to understand is that the outcomes reported in these studies were achieved using those specific schedules. Doing fewer sessions than the protocol studied may produce lesser results. Doing more sessions or treating more frequently than the studied protocol is not supported by the evidence and could increase the risk of adverse effects.
Your provider should be able to outline a treatment plan that specifies the number of sessions, the interval between them, and the expected timeline for visible improvement. Ask them which protocol or evidence base their recommendation draws from, and compare it to the published research. A well-informed patient makes better decisions and tends to be more satisfied with their outcomes - a finding consistent with the broader satisfaction data described by Bulegon et al. (2025).
Recovery Timeline: What to Expect Day by Day
The recovery timeline after under-eye microneedling is one of the most searched topics for patients who have already had the procedure or are planning around social commitments. Because the periorbital area is more delicate than other facial zones, recovery can feel more visible here even if it resolves quickly.
Based on the safety and tolerability information reported across the clinical trials (Yu et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023; Pazyar et al., 2025), expected post-treatment effects in the under-eye area can include transient redness, mild swelling, and sensitivity. These effects are part of the normal healing process. The RF microneedling studies (Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023) and the topical-combination studies (Yu et al., 2021; Pazyar et al., 2025) each reported on tolerability within their respective follow-up periods.
A general framework for recovery looks something like this: in the first 24 to 48 hours, expect the most visible redness and swelling. Over the following several days, these effects typically subside. By one to two weeks post-treatment, most patients see resolution of acute post-procedure effects. However, the appearance improvement from the treatment itself develops gradually over weeks as the skin remodels. Your provider should give you a personalized recovery timeline based on the specific technology and settings used.
When to Expect Results vs. When to Worry
Results from microneedling are not instant. The treatment works by triggering skin remodeling processes that unfold over weeks. If you do not see dramatic improvement in the first few days, that is entirely expected. The clinical trials measured outcomes at defined follow-up points - not immediately post-treatment.
When should you worry? If redness, swelling, or darkening in the treated area is worsening rather than improving after the first week, or if you develop symptoms like persistent pain, oozing, crusting, or signs of infection, contact your provider. The adverse event profiles in the studies (Yu et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023; Pazyar et al., 2025) can help your provider contextualize your experience, but individual responses vary and your clinician is always the best resource.
What to Tell Your Provider Before Treatment
Before your first under-eye microneedling session, there are several things your provider needs to know. These include your complete medical history, any medications or topical products you use (especially retinoids, blood thinners, or products containing active acids), your history of keloid scarring or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, your skin type and Fitzpatrick classification, whether you have had any recent procedures in the under-eye area (including filler), and your realistic expectations for the outcome. Full transparency with your provider helps them select the most appropriate protocol and minimize risk.
Microneedling For Dark Circles Before And After
"Before and after" photographs are often what convince people to try microneedling - or what raise their suspicions. In the clinical studies, standardized photography was used as an assessment tool, with images taken under controlled lighting conditions at consistent angles (Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023). This matters because under-eye darkness can look dramatically different depending on lighting, angle, sleep, hydration, and even the time of day.
If your provider shows you before-and-after images, ask whether they were taken under standardized conditions. And if you want to track your own progress, take photos at the same time of day, in the same lighting, with the same camera position. The clinical trials measured improvement through systematic assessment - not casual snapshots - and that rigor is what makes their results meaningful.
What you can reasonably expect to see in your own before-and-after comparison is a visible reduction in the darkness or pigmentation of the under-eye area, with the degree of improvement varying based on the specific protocol used, your individual skin characteristics, and the cause of your dark circles.
Microneedling For Genetic Dark Circles
Genetic dark circles are perhaps the most stubborn variant of this concern. If your parents, siblings, or grandparents all share the same under-eye shadows, your dark circles likely have a strong hereditary component that involves deeper structural and pigmentary factors.
The clinical trials reviewed here did not specifically separate "genetic" dark circles from other types. However, infraorbital hyperpigmentation - which is often genetic in nature - was the specific target of the Pazyar et al. (2025) comparative trial. This suggests that microneedling-based protocols may offer some benefit even when heredity plays a role, though expectations should be calibrated accordingly. Genetic dark circles may show improvement with treatment, but they are also more likely to recur, potentially requiring maintenance sessions. Discuss the hereditary nature of your concerns with your provider so they can frame expectations appropriately.
How Much Is Microneedling Under Eyes?
Cost is a major consideration, and it varies significantly depending on several factors: the type of microneedling technology used (standard microneedling, RF microneedling, or nano-microneedle delivery systems), the geographic location and prestige of the clinic, the number of sessions in the recommended protocol, and whether additional agents like tranexamic acid or phenylethyl resorcinol are included.
When evaluating cost, consider the complete treatment plan rather than the per-session price. Ask your provider for a comprehensive quote that includes all recommended sessions, any required topical products, and follow-up appointments.
Is Derma Roller Good For Dark Circles?
Derma rollers are the most common at-home microneedling tool, and they raise an important question: can a device you use at home replicate the results seen in clinical studies? The honest answer, based on the evidence reviewed, is that we cannot make that claim.
Every trial discussed in this article - Yu et al. (2021), Wu et al. (2022), Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023), and Pazyar et al. (2025) - used clinical-grade devices operated by trained professionals in controlled settings. These devices offer precise control over needle depth, energy delivery (in the case of RF systems), and sterility that at-home derma rollers cannot match. The under-eye area, with its exceptionally thin skin and proximity to the eye itself, carries particular risk when treated without professional expertise.
This does not mean derma rollers have no role in skincare - but the evidence supporting microneedling for dark circles comes from clinical treatments, and extrapolating those results to at-home devices would be scientifically unsupported.
How To Use Derma Roller For Dark Circles?
If you choose to use a derma roller at home despite the caveats above, there are important safety considerations. The under-eye area requires the gentlest approach possible. Short needle lengths are essential, as the periorbital skin is significantly thinner than other facial areas. Aggressive pressure or long needles in this area can cause bruising, irritation, or damage.
That said, this guide cannot provide a specific at-home protocol based on the available evidence, because none of the clinical trials studied at-home derma roller use for dark circles. The protocols studied involved clinical devices with specific parameters (Yu et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023; Pazyar et al., 2025). If you are interested in at-home microneedling for your under-eye area, consult with a dermatologist who can advise on appropriate needle lengths, technique, and frequency based on your individual skin type and concerns.
PRP Microneedling For Dark Circles
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with microneedling - sometimes called a "vampire facial" - is a popular treatment that patients frequently ask about for dark circles. PRP involves drawing a small amount of the patient's blood, processing it to concentrate the platelets and growth factors, and then applying it to the skin during or after microneedling.
RF Microneedling For Dark Circles
Radiofrequency microneedling represents one of the most strongly supported approaches in our evidence base, with two independent studies examining this technology specifically for dark circles. Wu et al. (2022) conducted a prospective trial evaluating a microneedle fractional radiofrequency system for infraorbital dark circles and reported positive outcomes. Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023) similarly studied microneedle fractional RF for periorbital dark circles and found the treatment to be effective in their clinical assessment.
RF microneedling differs from standard microneedling in a significant way: in addition to the controlled micro-injuries created by the needles, it delivers radiofrequency energy beneath the skin surface. This energy generates heat in the targeted tissue, which can promote collagen remodeling and other structural changes beyond what mechanical needling alone achieves. For the under-eye area, where skin thinning and loss of structural support contribute to the appearance of darkness, this added mechanism may offer advantages.
However, RF microneedling also requires specialized equipment, trained operators, and careful parameter selection for the delicate periorbital area. The studies by Wu et al. (2022) and Nilforoushzadeh et al. (2023) used specific energy settings and treatment protocols designed for this sensitive region. Cost is typically higher than standard microneedling, reflecting the advanced technology involved.
Aftercare and Supporting Your Results Long-Term
The quality of your aftercare can significantly influence your final results. Across the clinical trials, treatment protocols included defined post-procedure care guidelines, and adherence to these guidelines is an implicit factor in the outcomes achieved. General principles of under-eye microneedling aftercare include gentle cleansing, strict sun protection (the under-eye area is highly susceptible to UV-induced pigmentation changes), avoidance of active skincare ingredients (retinoids, acids, vitamin C serums) until your provider clears you, and diligent hydration of the treated area. In that initial recovery window, a serum formulated specifically for post-microneedling skin — like the Exosthetics Microneedling Serum, which is designed to hydrate and support skin comfort after needle-based treatments without the actives that could irritate compromised skin — can be a practical way to keep the treated area nourished while you wait for the green light on your regular routine.
Your provider should give you specific aftercare instructions tailored to the technology and protocol used. Follow these precisely. The first 48 to 72 hours after treatment are the most critical window for supporting optimal healing and minimizing the risk of complications like post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
For long-term maintenance, discuss with your provider whether periodic touch-up sessions are recommended based on your results and the nature of your dark circles. Ongoing sun protection and a consistent skincare routine that supports skin barrier health will help preserve the improvements achieved through treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does swelling last after microneedling under the eyes?
Swelling after under-eye microneedling typically peaks within the first 24 to 48 hours and subsides over the following several days. The periorbital area is prone to temporary puffiness due to its thin skin and rich blood supply. If swelling worsens after 72 hours or is accompanied by severe pain, contact your provider.
When can I wear makeup after microneedling under my eyes?
Most providers recommend waiting at least 24 to 48 hours before applying makeup to the treated area, though this varies by protocol and individual healing response. Applying makeup too soon can introduce bacteria into the micro-channels and compromise results. Always follow your specific provider's post-care instructions.
Can I combine microneedling with under-eye filler?
Microneedling and dermal filler address different aspects of under-eye concerns, and some providers use them in combination. However, timing matters - these treatments should be appropriately spaced apart. Discuss the sequencing and timing with your provider to ensure safety and optimal outcomes.
Is microneedling safe for darker skin tones?
Patients with darker skin (Fitzpatrick IV-VI) face a higher risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation from any procedure that injures the skin. The Pazyar et al. (2025) trial studying tranexamic acid with microneedling is relevant, as tranexamic acid is commonly used for hyperpigmentation in darker skin. Consult a provider experienced in treating skin of color.
What does "worse before better" look like after under-eye microneedling?
Temporary redness, mild swelling, and even slight darkening of the treated area can occur in the days immediately following treatment. This is part of the normal healing process. "Worse before better" should resolve within the recovery window your provider described - if it does not, seek professional evaluation.
How many sessions will I need to see results?
The number of sessions depends on the specific protocol. Clinical studies on microneedling for dark circles used defined multi-session treatment plans (Yu et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2022; Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2023; Pazyar et al., 2025). Your provider should recommend a session count based on the specific technology and your individual needs.
Does microneedling for dark circles hurt more than microneedling on other parts of the face?
The under-eye area is more sensitive than most other facial zones due to thinner skin and closer nerve endings. Bulegon et al. (2025) found that pain perception varies by treatment zone and procedure type across orofacial treatments. Topical numbing agents are commonly applied before under-eye microneedling to improve comfort.
References
Yu CQ, Xu XG, Chen HD, Li YH. Clinical efficacy and safety of nano-microneedle-assisted phenylethyl resorcinol for the treatment of infraorbital dark circles. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(3):884-889. doi:10.1111/jocd.13641
Wu X, Liu Y, Zhu J, Yu W, Lin X. A Prospective Trial of the Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency System Application in the Treatment of Infraorbital Dark Circles. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022;15:1293-1300. doi:10.2147/CCID.S372409
Nilforoushzadeh MA, Heidari-Kharaji M, Shahverdi M, et al. Microneedle fractional radiofrequency in the treatment of periorbital dark circles. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22(8):2218-2224. doi:10.1111/jocd.15870
Bulegon A, Sebben V, Rigo L. Assessment of Pain and Satisfaction After Orofacial Harmonization Procedures. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025;49(3):607-617. doi:10.1007/s00266-024-04348-9
Pazyar N, Badakhsh F, Yaghoobi R, Seyedtabib M. Comparing the Efficiency of Microneedling and Tranexamic Acid Versus Microneedling and Vitamin C in the Treatment of Infraorbital Hyperpigmentation. Adv Biomed Res. 2025;14:149. doi:10.4103/abr.abr_287_23
Table of Contents
Under-eye skin is the thinnest on the face. Poor aftercare here doesn't just slow healing — it can create the very pigmentation you're trying to treat.
